2011年3月29日 星期二

認識你的牙齒


人的一生有兩副牙齒:乳齒和恆齒。乳齒共有20隻,恆齒共有32隻。象牙質通常是微黃色的,由於恆齒的琺瑯質較乳齒的透明,象牙質的顏色較易透出來,令恆齒看起來比較黃。年紀漸長,象牙質增厚,牙齒會變得更加黃。


牙齒組織 - 硬組織
琺瑯質
l           牙齒的最外層
l           主要由礦物質(鈣、磷…等)所組成
l           人體最堅硬的組織
l           一般是透明或乳白色

象牙質
l           牙冠的第二層組織,被琺瑯質覆蓋
l           一般是微黃色的,它的深或淺會影響牙齒外觀的顏色
l           內有很多微細管道連接牙髓

牙骨質
l           覆蓋牙根表面的一層硬組織
l           連接牙周膜和象牙質
       
牙齒組織 - 軟組織    
牙髓
l           牙齒的中腔部分
l           滿佈血管和神經組織
       
牙周組織     
牙齦
l           俗稱牙肉
l           一層軟組織,覆蓋牙槽骨表面
l           健康的牙齦呈粉紅色
牙周膜
l           一層纖維組織
l           連接牙骨質和牙槽骨
l           牙齒的緩衝器,能承受日常咀嚼的外力,避免牙齒受傷
牙槽骨
l          包圍著牙齒的骨骼組織,支撐牙齒

參考資料: www.toothclub.gov.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向牙醫查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

2011年3月26日 星期六

常見牙科疾病 - 蛀牙、牙齒碰傷


蛀牙
蛀牙即牙齒結構受破壞,常見症狀包括牙齒出現蛀洞、牙痛等。
為預防蛀牙,應每天最少刷牙兩次,使用牙縫線或牙間刷及漱口水,並定期作牙科檢查。此外,應避免進食過多碳水化合物

蛀牙可引致琺瑯質及牙本質受損,繼而傷害神經及血管。按蛀牙情況之嚴重性劃分,牙醫常用治療方法為︰
1)      填補牙洞
清除牙齒被蛀蝕部分,填補蛀洞。
2)      套假牙冠
徹底去除被蛀蝕部分,填補蛀洞,套上假牙冠。
3)      根管治療
除去受感染之神經及牙髓,徹底清潔牙齒內部及封填,套上假牙冠。

牙齒及口腔組織碰傷
意外碰傷後,牙齒或口腔組織可能受傷。牙齒方面,可能出現鬆動、移位、飛脫嵌入及牙根或牙冠折斷。

口腔組織方面,可能出現出血現象,包括嘴唇、牙齦、上或下頜骨等。患者表面上或沒有傷痕,但牙髓亦有機會壞死。此外,正確而迅速之牙科治療有助保存牙齒及癒合傷口。建議傷者立即止血,儘快前往見牙科醫生,接受詳細檢查及治療。

牙科醫生常用治療方法為:
A.     磨平受傷牙齒,填補高濃度氟化物
B.     補牙
C.     套上人造牙冠
D.     進行牙髓治療

參考資料: www.toothclub.gov.hk


以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向牙醫查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

2011年3月21日 星期一

Bad Breath in Dental aspects

There are several causes of bad breath including insufficient saliva secretion (dry mouth), periodontal disease or tooth decay, failed to thoroughly clean the denture, oral hygiene problem, smell from strong flavored food, smoking, etc.

To prevent the bad breath, you should practice a good oral hygiene, brushing twice a day, flossing regularly and routinely clean the dentures. Additionally, you would quit smoking and less intake strong flavored food.

The bad breath can be caused by oral diseases such as periodontal disease or dental caries, insufficient saliva production, it is important to have proper diagnosis so that appropriate treatment can be given. If the bad breath is caused by other health problem, the dentist will refer you to appropriate specialists for further consultations. 

Reference information: www.bjdental.com
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your Dentist for diagnosis and treatment.

2011年3月17日 星期四

Orthodontic treatment - Fixed Brace vs. Removable brace


Orthodontic treatment is a series of processes that move the teeth to the desired positions in the mouth by orthodontic appliances. Whether you have crowding, spacing or relapsed teeth, it would pose negative impact on the health of your teeth and gums.

There are two types of braces. One can be removed for cleaning, known as removable braces. The second type of braces is fixed to the teeth and cannot be removed for cleaning. Orthodontic brackets are attached to the tooth surfaces in appropriate positions so that when the orthodontic brackets and orthodontic wire are tied up, the spring back action of the orthodontic wire will move the teeth, Gradually, the teeth are moved to the desired positions determined by the shape of the orthodontic wire. It is important you still have check-ups and adjustment regularly.

Have the brace fitted is not painful. However, it is common to have slightly tender teeth for 3-5 days after each fitting and adjustment appointment.

Comparisons of two types of orthodontic treatment - fixed brace and removable brace

Fixed Brace
Removable brace
Removable
Cannot
Can
Treatment duration
1.5-3 years
0.5-1years
Materials
elastics or stainless steel wires
springs and screws


Invisalign
General orthodontic treatment
Materials
Medical grade plastic
elastics or stainless steel wires
Appearance
Invisible
Non-invisible

Reference information: www.dental.org

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your Dentist for diagnosis and treatment.

2011年3月15日 星期二

Tooth Whitening - Improper use of bleaching agents will damage!



There are several factors affecting the color of teeth, like natural aging process, nicotine stains, drinking coffee or tea, accumulation of plaque and tartar deposits etc. To prevent teeth coloring, you are recommend to brush / floss after meal and regular dentist cleaning. Improper use of bleaching agents will damage gums and tooth supporting tissues. Be careful when using bleaching agents and consult your dentist for proper usage of bleaching agents and it’s harmful to health if bleaching agent is ingested accidentally, so it is recommended to consult your dentist before.

What is/ are the treatment(s) for tooth whitening?
1.      Laser Bleaching.
The blue light has been clinically-proven for bleaching tooth enamel and can be done in dental office.  
2.      Take Home Dentist Supervised Bleaching.
Impressions (mould) of teeth are taken to make a model and a custom whitening tray is constructed from this model. The trays are filled with a gentle whitening solution, and are inserted and worn over the teeth overnight.

Comparisons of the professional tooth whitening and Over-the-counter whitening toothpaste

Professional tooth whitening
OTC whitening toothpaste
Treatment Time
~1 hour
1 month
Color Change
Average of 8 shades
1-2 shades
Fadeback
Less
More
Duration
Long lasting
Loss of results with discontinued use
Stains
Superficial and interprismatic stains
Superficial stains only

Reference information: www.dental.org

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your Dentist for diagnosis and treatment.

2011年3月14日 星期一

Dental disease causes stroke and Heart disease?



Gum disease can affect the state of your whole body. Over the past few years, studies have shown a definitive link between your oral health and your general health. Here are a few of the many health problems that can be aggravated by poor oral hygiene:

1. Stroke
Those with adult periodontitis may have increased risk of stroke.

2. Respiratory Infections
i. Inhaling bacteria from the mouth and throat can lead to pneumonia.
ii. Dental plaque buildup creates a dangerous source of bacteria that can be inhaled into the lungs.

3. Heart Disease
i. Those with adult periodontitis may have increased risk of fatal heart attack.
ii. And are more likely to be diagnosed with cardiovascular disease.
iii. Bacteria from the mouth may cause clotting problems in the cardiovascular system.

4. Severe Osteopenia
i. Reduction in bone mass (osteopenia) is associated with gum disease and related tooth loss.
ii. Severity has been connected to tooth loss in postmenopausal women.

5. Uncontrolled Diabetes
i. Chronic periodontal disease can disrupt diabetic control.
ii. Diabetes can contribute to bacterial overgrowth in the mouth.
iii. Smokers with diabetes increase their risk of tooth loss by twenty times.
iv. People with type II diabetes are three times as likely to develop periodontal disease than are no diabetics.

6. Preterm or low birth weight babies
i. Women with advanced gum disease may be more likely to give birth to an underweight or preterm baby.
ii. Oral microbes can cross the placental barrier, exposing the fetus to infection.

Remember, there are a number of advanced oral care remedies available to control or eliminate periodontal disease, such as antimicrobial mouth-washes, flossing regularly, and certain medications…and you thought all you needed was a toothbrush!

Reference information: www.bjdental.com, www.hkdentist.org

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your Dentist for diagnosis and treatment.